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What Was Pope Innocent III’s Role in the Medieval Crusades?
The Crusades were a set of religiously inspired military campaigns started by the Catholic Church, which most often attempted to reclaim or protect the holy city of Jerusalem.
However, at other times, crusades were used to purge areas within Europe of so-called heretics. Depending on your view, there were eight or nine major crusades in the medieval world.
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Out of these, Pope Innocent III was directly involved in at least three of them, and his actions as pope during these campaigns would greatly impact the course of future crusades.
Early Life
Lotario dei Conti di Segni was born in 1160 or 1161 in Gavignano, a papal state in what is now modern Italy.
He was the son of the count of Segni and a noblewoman, meaning that he received a high-quality education from birth. Primarily educated in Rome and Paris, Lotario studied theology and later law. Instead of pursuing law as a career, however, Lotario became a clerg